🔆 Key Update: DRDO Hands Over 12 Licensing Agreements for Technology Transfer

📍 Key Developments
• ✅ DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) signed over 12 Licensing Agreements for technology transfer during SAMANVAY 2025 in Bengaluru.
• ✅ The agreements cover eight products, including electronic warfare systems, laser guidance systems, and microwave technologies to industry partners like Bharat Electronics and DH Limited.

📍 Purpose of SAMANVAY 2025
• ✅ The event, aimed at strengthening collaboration with MSMEs and start-ups, showcases India’s focus on self-reliance and the Make in India initiative.
• ✅ Discussions focused on innovative solutions, industry development, and defence ecosystem growth.

📍 Significance
• ✅ The transfer of technologies will help boost defence manufacturing, promote technology innovation, and provide opportunities for industries to scale up in the sector.

✅ Mains Question:
• Discuss the role of DRDO’s technology transfer agreements in enhancing India’s defence capabilities. How does SAMANVAY 2025 contribute to the growth of MSMEs and start-ups in the defence sector?

#gs3 #defence

🔆 Maoist Insurgency is Dying — Now Tackle Its Causes

📍 Summary:
✅ The Maoist insurgency, once labelled by PM Manmohan Singh as India’s “greatest internal security threat,” is now in decline — with major leaders dead or surrendered and active LWE districts shrinking from 90+ to just 11.
✅ This marks a huge counterinsurgency success, reflecting an integrated approach combining policing, governance, and development.
✅ However, the core ideological undercurrent — socio-economic injustice and deprivation — remains unresolved, especially in tribal and forested areas.
✅ Most LWE-affected districts still lag in HDI, education, healthcare, and nutrition, exposing governance gaps that sustain resentment.
✅ The implementation lag in land reforms and the Forest Rights Act continues to alienate local communities despite visible economic growth.
✅ The next challenge lies not in guns, but in bridging inequality and ensuring inclusive development for marginalized regions.

📍 Mains Question:
While Left Wing Extremism in India is in retreat, the conditions that birthed it still persist. Discuss.

#InternalSecurity #security

🔆 Global Report on Proliferation Financing (PF) Risks

📍 About PF
✅ Proliferation Financing (PF) refers to raising, moving, or providing funds or assets to support the development or acquisition of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) — posing a grave threat to global peace and financial stability.

📍 Key Findings
✅ Global Risks:
• Both state and non-state actors are acquiring dual-use goods, technology & knowledge via covert procurement networks.

✅ Implementation Gap:
• Only 16% of countries effectively enforce UN sanctions targeting WMD proliferation.

✅ Illicit Techniques:
• Use of intermediaries: Front/shell companies & third-country routes hide true end-users.
• Concealed ownership: Falsified beneficial ownership details via digital networks obscure identities.
• Use of virtual assets: Cryptocurrencies and non-compliant jurisdictions exploited to move funds.
• Maritime exploitation: “Dark fleets” disguise vessel identity to evade sanctions.
🔹 Example: Indian probe uncovered mis-declared dual-use equipment on a Pakistan-bound vessel.

📍 Recommendations
✅ 1. Regularly update threat assessments to counter evolving PF tactics.
✅ 2. Enhance public–private information sharing to detect sanction evasion.
✅ 3. Include a formal definition of WMD PF in the FATF Glossary (within 5 years) for better coordination.
✅ 4. Conduct a global PF risk review (within 3 years) to identify best practices and strengthen responses.

#security

🔆 Compound Effect: Southeast Asian Scam Factories

📍 Summary:
✅ The Supreme Court has called for a comprehensive probe into digital scams, particularly “digital arrest scams” where fraudsters pose as law officials to extort money.
✅ These scams operate on an industrial scale from Southeast Asia, especially Myanmar, where victims are trafficked under false job offers and forced into cyber fraud — a form of modern slavery.
✅ Victims endure violence, coercion, and sexual abuse while being made to execute romance and cryptocurrency scams (“pig butchering”).
✅ The Myanmar junta’s control and civil unrest have enabled these “scam compounds” to thrive as revenue sources for armed militias.
✅ India faces a dual crisis — citizens trafficked abroad and victims at home of the same scams.
✅ Experts urge a coordinated response — diplomatic pressure on Myanmar and Cambodia, cybercrime awareness, and UN recognition of this menace as transnational modern slavery.

📍 Mains Question:
📝 Discuss how India can address transnational digital crime networks emerging from Southeast Asia through regional cooperation and cyber governance.

#InternalSecurity

🔆 ISRO Launches GSAT-7R — India’s Heaviest Communication Satellite

📍 Summary
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the Indian Navy’s advanced communication satellite GSAT-7R (CMS-03) aboard the LVM3-M5 rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
Weighing around 4,400 kg, GSAT-7R is India’s heaviest indigenously built communication satellite, marking a milestone in strengthening maritime communications and domain awareness.
Inserted into a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), the satellite will enhance secure telecommunication coverage across the Indian Ocean Region. Its advanced payload supports voice, data, and video links for the Navy’s ships, submarines, aircraft, and operations centres.
The mission reflects India’s self-reliance in space technology and commitment to national maritime security.

✅ Mains Question:
“Discuss the strategic significance of India’s GSAT-7R satellite in enhancing maritime and defense communication capabilities.”

#InternalSecurity #security

https://t.me/internal_security_upsc_MAINS
https://t.me/upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial

🔆 ‘Mahe’ – Boost to India’s Naval Self-Reliance

📍 Context:
✅ ‘Mahe’, first of eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts, delivered to Indian Navy by Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL) on 23 Oct 2025.

📍 Key Facts:
✅ Named after Mahe (Puducherry) – symbol of India’s maritime legacy.
✅ Indigenously built with 80% local content under Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
✅ Equipped for underwater surveillance, ASW ops, and mine laying.
✅ Specs: 78 m length, 1,100-ton displacement, advanced radars, sonars & torpedoes.

📍 Significance:
✅ Strengthens coastal defence & ASW capability.
✅ Marks India’s rise in indigenous naval shipbuilding.

💬 Mains Q:
How do indigenous naval platforms like ‘Mahe’ strengthen India’s maritime security?

#Defence